Industrial Production Status and Development Potential of China's Biological Liquid Fuels
2018-05-25 00:59:48
I. Biological liquid fuel (biofuel) is a major direction for China to develop and utilize biomass energy in the future.
1.1 The main drivers of the bio-liquid fuel industry are petroleum-safe biomass resources including crop residues and agricultural processing residues, fuel wood and forestry processing residues, livestock manure, industrial organic waste water and waste residues, municipal solid waste, and energy plants. It can be converted to a variety of end-use energy sources such as electricity, gas fuels, solid fuels, and liquid fuels, of which the most concerned is biomass liquid fuels (biofuels). Many countries in the world have begun to develop the biofuel industry (including the biofuels processing industry and its related industries such as energy agriculture and energy forestry). The common purpose is to ensure oil security.
In 2004, China’s net oil imports amounted to 120 million tons, with a consumption of 310 million tons, and the import dependency reached 38.7%. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that China’s oil import dependence will reach 61.0% by 2010 and 2020 respectively. 76.9%. The rapid rise in the volume of oil imports and dependence on imports has brought about increasingly serious impact on the safety of China's oil; China's oil security issue has also caused concern of some countries. Can domestically produced oil and petroleum alternative fuels "feed China"? Compared with the means of coal liquefaction with limited resources and the development of domestic oil and gas resources, biofuel technologies with renewable resources and huge potential have also received more and more attention. The Brazilian bio-fuel industry uses sucrose to ferment bioethanol. In 2002, consumption reached 10.4 billion liters, and the replacement rate was close to 40%.
The United States and EU countries also have rich experience in the biofuel industry. However, Brazil’s development background is closer to China. The Brazilian biofuel industry (starting with bio-ethanol projects and later developing biodiesel) originated in 1975. There are two main causes: First, for the first time in 1973-1974, it was due to the consideration of national energy security and economic development. In the oil crisis, as 80% of Brazil’s fuel imports depend on imports, the soaring oil price has caused Brazil to lose 4 billion U.S. dollars and the economy has been severely hit. The second is to promote the development of the domestic crop industry and protect the interests of farmers because Brazil is the largest in the world. Sugarcane planting area.
1.2 Development of bio-fuel industry will bring significant environmental benefits The large-scale development of energy agro-forestry can effectively greenland and barren land, reduce soil erosion and soil erosion. The extensive use of biofuels also has significant implications for the protection and improvement of China's atmospheric environment. Compared with fossil fuels, the use of biofuels rarely produces atmospheric pollutants such as NOx and SOx; as the absorption and emission of biomass CO2 are formed in nature. In the carbon cycle, CO2 emissions from energy use are much lower than conventional energy sources. The number of bio-fuel developments by 2050 could reach 105 million tons (this figure is based on the scenario analysis of the biomass energy part of the energy research institute's “China Energy Mid-to-Long-term Development and Utilization Prospects†research project in 2005; Scenario Analysis of Energy and Forestry In order to produce biodiesel as raw material, energy agriculture mainly produces bioethanol feedstock; among which 2020, 2030, and 2050, the estimated development volume is: bioethanol 0.039, 0.079, 0.16 million tons, biodiesel 0.15, 0.33, and 89 million Ton), it can green about 30 million hectares of barren mountains and wasteland and reduce emissions by about 310 million tons of CO2.
1.3 The development of the biofuel industry will make a considerable contribution to the solution of the “three rural issues†in China. Building a biofuel industry chain from energy agroforestry to the biofuels processing industry can be a powerful means for China to solve the “three rural issues†problem.
1.3.1 Drive the agricultural economy and the forestry economy The amount of biofuel development in 2020 is estimated to be around 19 million tons. The initial estimate can give national and local value of production of 100 billion yuan. By 2050, if biofuel development reaches 105 million tons, it will create an annual output value of about 500 billion yuan, and absorb more than 10 million laborers (mainly jobs accepted by energy and agroforestry), and will promote the development of rural economy. Great effect; The initial investment in this part of the biofuel production capacity (mainly investment in industrial construction, relatively low cost of reclaimed land and tree species) is expected to be controlled within 1.0 trillion yuan: the ratio of annual output value to capacity investment (greater than 1:2) is greater than the ratio of certain conventional energy industries (for example, the ratio of annual output value of thermal power to capacity investment is approximately 1:2.5).
1.3.2 Creating a large amount of employment In particular, employment in rural areas can attract more than 10 million laborers, including mainly rural laborers, which is conducive to alleviating the situation in which a large number of rural laborers are idle.
1.3.3 Providing strong support for China’s urbanization construction On the one hand, China’s urbanization has increased per capita energy demand, especially per capita fuel demand; on the other hand, urbanization requires the accompanying industrial construction and employment. Opportunity creation (to a certain extent also needs to increase employment opportunities in rural areas to buffer rural-to-urban migration): Energy, agriculture and forestry (and bio-fuel processing industry) can play an important role in both aspects.
II. Status and trends of China's biofuel development 2.1 China has a certain technological foundation for the development of the biofuel industry The core technology of the biofuel industry is the selection and breeding of biofuel technologies and energy crops and planting technologies. Since the Eighth Five-Year Plan, research and development of bio-fuel resources and conversion technologies have been started. Traditional technologies have been used to produce alcohols and oil products from food and oil crops. This is limited to the food and light industry, and fuel is used for transportation. The construction of the energy industry was announced and implemented by the former State Development Planning Commission during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The concept of energy crops is relatively new to China, but its research on breeding and planting techniques has actually been based on several years.
2.1.1 "Chenhualiang" Biofuel The main raw material of biofuel is "Chenhualiang." Strictly speaking, the production of bioethanol from “Chenhualiang†cannot be considered in the category of energy agriculture, because there are essential differences between food crops and energy plants in terms of their main purposes. However, this has accumulated technical experience and industrial foundation for the development of bio-ethanol technology. After the energy plant resources such as sweet sorghum are developed, raw materials can be transferred.
With the approval of the State Council, the former State Development Planning Commission announced on April 17, 2001 that China's decision to implement the use of gasoline for vehicle fuel ethanol addition. At the same time, the National Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision promulgated the two national standards of “modified fuel ethanol†and “vehicle ethanol gasolineâ€. The state has invested more than RMB 5 billion and has approved the establishment of four fuel ethanol enterprises with the main goal of digesting “Chen Hua Liangâ€. Currently, they have all been put into production with a total production capacity of more than 1 million tons. Grain fuel ethanol raw materials, more than 3,000 yuan per ton, including processing fees, the cost of fuel ethanol more than 4,000 yuan / ton.
The state stipulates that some areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu be forced to close use of vehicle ethanol gasoline from October 2004. By the year 2005, except for special military needs and special national reserves, the above-mentioned provinces and the urban areas under their jurisdiction have all achieved the replacement of gasoline with ethanol for vehicles.
2.1.2 Energy Agricultural Crops Sweet sorghum and sugarcane Ministry of Science and Technology The sweet sorghum varieties provided by the “Sweet Sorghum Stalk Preparation Fuel Ethanol†project supported by the “863 Program†of the State, the planting technology and fuel ethanol processing technology have been relatively mature. At present, it has reached an annual production capacity of 5,000 tons of fuel ethanol. China has established bases for the production of sweet sorghum planted and sweet sorghum stalks for the production of fuel ethanol in Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province and Shandong Province.
1.1 The main drivers of the bio-liquid fuel industry are petroleum-safe biomass resources including crop residues and agricultural processing residues, fuel wood and forestry processing residues, livestock manure, industrial organic waste water and waste residues, municipal solid waste, and energy plants. It can be converted to a variety of end-use energy sources such as electricity, gas fuels, solid fuels, and liquid fuels, of which the most concerned is biomass liquid fuels (biofuels). Many countries in the world have begun to develop the biofuel industry (including the biofuels processing industry and its related industries such as energy agriculture and energy forestry). The common purpose is to ensure oil security.
In 2004, China’s net oil imports amounted to 120 million tons, with a consumption of 310 million tons, and the import dependency reached 38.7%. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that China’s oil import dependence will reach 61.0% by 2010 and 2020 respectively. 76.9%. The rapid rise in the volume of oil imports and dependence on imports has brought about increasingly serious impact on the safety of China's oil; China's oil security issue has also caused concern of some countries. Can domestically produced oil and petroleum alternative fuels "feed China"? Compared with the means of coal liquefaction with limited resources and the development of domestic oil and gas resources, biofuel technologies with renewable resources and huge potential have also received more and more attention. The Brazilian bio-fuel industry uses sucrose to ferment bioethanol. In 2002, consumption reached 10.4 billion liters, and the replacement rate was close to 40%.
The United States and EU countries also have rich experience in the biofuel industry. However, Brazil’s development background is closer to China. The Brazilian biofuel industry (starting with bio-ethanol projects and later developing biodiesel) originated in 1975. There are two main causes: First, for the first time in 1973-1974, it was due to the consideration of national energy security and economic development. In the oil crisis, as 80% of Brazil’s fuel imports depend on imports, the soaring oil price has caused Brazil to lose 4 billion U.S. dollars and the economy has been severely hit. The second is to promote the development of the domestic crop industry and protect the interests of farmers because Brazil is the largest in the world. Sugarcane planting area.
1.2 Development of bio-fuel industry will bring significant environmental benefits The large-scale development of energy agro-forestry can effectively greenland and barren land, reduce soil erosion and soil erosion. The extensive use of biofuels also has significant implications for the protection and improvement of China's atmospheric environment. Compared with fossil fuels, the use of biofuels rarely produces atmospheric pollutants such as NOx and SOx; as the absorption and emission of biomass CO2 are formed in nature. In the carbon cycle, CO2 emissions from energy use are much lower than conventional energy sources. The number of bio-fuel developments by 2050 could reach 105 million tons (this figure is based on the scenario analysis of the biomass energy part of the energy research institute's “China Energy Mid-to-Long-term Development and Utilization Prospects†research project in 2005; Scenario Analysis of Energy and Forestry In order to produce biodiesel as raw material, energy agriculture mainly produces bioethanol feedstock; among which 2020, 2030, and 2050, the estimated development volume is: bioethanol 0.039, 0.079, 0.16 million tons, biodiesel 0.15, 0.33, and 89 million Ton), it can green about 30 million hectares of barren mountains and wasteland and reduce emissions by about 310 million tons of CO2.
1.3 The development of the biofuel industry will make a considerable contribution to the solution of the “three rural issues†in China. Building a biofuel industry chain from energy agroforestry to the biofuels processing industry can be a powerful means for China to solve the “three rural issues†problem.
1.3.1 Drive the agricultural economy and the forestry economy The amount of biofuel development in 2020 is estimated to be around 19 million tons. The initial estimate can give national and local value of production of 100 billion yuan. By 2050, if biofuel development reaches 105 million tons, it will create an annual output value of about 500 billion yuan, and absorb more than 10 million laborers (mainly jobs accepted by energy and agroforestry), and will promote the development of rural economy. Great effect; The initial investment in this part of the biofuel production capacity (mainly investment in industrial construction, relatively low cost of reclaimed land and tree species) is expected to be controlled within 1.0 trillion yuan: the ratio of annual output value to capacity investment (greater than 1:2) is greater than the ratio of certain conventional energy industries (for example, the ratio of annual output value of thermal power to capacity investment is approximately 1:2.5).
1.3.2 Creating a large amount of employment In particular, employment in rural areas can attract more than 10 million laborers, including mainly rural laborers, which is conducive to alleviating the situation in which a large number of rural laborers are idle.
1.3.3 Providing strong support for China’s urbanization construction On the one hand, China’s urbanization has increased per capita energy demand, especially per capita fuel demand; on the other hand, urbanization requires the accompanying industrial construction and employment. Opportunity creation (to a certain extent also needs to increase employment opportunities in rural areas to buffer rural-to-urban migration): Energy, agriculture and forestry (and bio-fuel processing industry) can play an important role in both aspects.
II. Status and trends of China's biofuel development 2.1 China has a certain technological foundation for the development of the biofuel industry The core technology of the biofuel industry is the selection and breeding of biofuel technologies and energy crops and planting technologies. Since the Eighth Five-Year Plan, research and development of bio-fuel resources and conversion technologies have been started. Traditional technologies have been used to produce alcohols and oil products from food and oil crops. This is limited to the food and light industry, and fuel is used for transportation. The construction of the energy industry was announced and implemented by the former State Development Planning Commission during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The concept of energy crops is relatively new to China, but its research on breeding and planting techniques has actually been based on several years.
2.1.1 "Chenhualiang" Biofuel The main raw material of biofuel is "Chenhualiang." Strictly speaking, the production of bioethanol from “Chenhualiang†cannot be considered in the category of energy agriculture, because there are essential differences between food crops and energy plants in terms of their main purposes. However, this has accumulated technical experience and industrial foundation for the development of bio-ethanol technology. After the energy plant resources such as sweet sorghum are developed, raw materials can be transferred.
With the approval of the State Council, the former State Development Planning Commission announced on April 17, 2001 that China's decision to implement the use of gasoline for vehicle fuel ethanol addition. At the same time, the National Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision promulgated the two national standards of “modified fuel ethanol†and “vehicle ethanol gasolineâ€. The state has invested more than RMB 5 billion and has approved the establishment of four fuel ethanol enterprises with the main goal of digesting “Chen Hua Liangâ€. Currently, they have all been put into production with a total production capacity of more than 1 million tons. Grain fuel ethanol raw materials, more than 3,000 yuan per ton, including processing fees, the cost of fuel ethanol more than 4,000 yuan / ton.
The state stipulates that some areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu be forced to close use of vehicle ethanol gasoline from October 2004. By the year 2005, except for special military needs and special national reserves, the above-mentioned provinces and the urban areas under their jurisdiction have all achieved the replacement of gasoline with ethanol for vehicles.
2.1.2 Energy Agricultural Crops Sweet sorghum and sugarcane Ministry of Science and Technology The sweet sorghum varieties provided by the “Sweet Sorghum Stalk Preparation Fuel Ethanol†project supported by the “863 Program†of the State, the planting technology and fuel ethanol processing technology have been relatively mature. At present, it has reached an annual production capacity of 5,000 tons of fuel ethanol. China has established bases for the production of sweet sorghum planted and sweet sorghum stalks for the production of fuel ethanol in Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province and Shandong Province.