Car knowledge belt
Seat belts are the basic protective devices for the protection of occupants in the event of a car crash. It was born earlier than the car. As early as 1885, seat belts appeared and were used in carriages to prevent passengers from falling off the carriage. At a car race venue in New York on May 20, 1902, a racer took a few belts to keep himself and his partner in the seat in order to prevent him from being thrown out of the car at high speed. During the competition, the cars they drove into the audience as a result of accidents caused the two to lose their lives and dozens of injuries. However, these racing drivers escaped because of belts. These belts have also become the prototype of car seat belts. For the first time in the car, it will save the user's life.
In 1922, the sports car on the racing field began to use seat belts; in 1955, the United States Ford installed a seat belt; in 1968, the United States stipulated that the front seat of the car should be installed with seat belts. Developed countries such as Europe and Japan have successively established the regulations that car occupants must wear seat belts. China’s Ministry of Public Security issued a notice on November 15, 1992, which stipulated that all passenger cars (including cars) should start from July 1, 1993. , Jeeps, vans, mini-cars) Drivers and front seat occupants must use seat belts. Article 51 of the "Road Traffic Safety Law" stipulates: When a motorized vehicle is moving, drivers and occupants shall use safety belts in accordance with regulations, and motorcyclists and occupants shall wear safety helmets as required.
Seat belts are the most basic of all vehicle safety systems. Get on the bus, pull the seatbelt over, and then "click" and fasten. It's easy, right? Yes, it is easy, but people will still forget to do so, or that they do not like this feeling of being "tethered." Most new cars now emit a variety of sound or light signals to remind people to fasten their seat belts. The so-called "forgetting" also came to an end. In 2004, 55% of the victims of accidents on the highways were not wearing seat belts, and according to the Institute of Highway Safety Insurance IIHS estimates, 14,570 people had escaped from death in 2002, simply because they had fastened their seat belts.
Technical advancements in seat belts include pretensioners, force limiters, and combinations of three or four points. At the time of impact, the pretensioner can tighten the seatbelt to prevent displacement that could cause bodily harm due to loosening. After the impact is over, the force limiter can slightly relax the seatbelt to relieve the pressure on the occupant in the vehicle.
The three-point seat belt can trap passengers' chest and front thighs, and can reduce serious injuries to front seat passengers by 44% in mini cars (compared to passengers who are not wearing seat belts), and serious injury to rear seat passengers can be reduced. 44%, if compared with the lateral seat belt, serious damage to the rear seat passengers can be reduced by 15%. What's more, front seat passengers use three-point seatbelts instead of transverse seat belts, which can reduce passengers' abdominal and head injuries by 52% and 47%, respectively*.
A typical four-point seat belt includes two vertical straps that can be tied to the occupant's chest and fastened to the bottom seat belt at the bottom. Four-point seat belts have been used on cars for many years, and now some of the most respected manufacturers, such as Volvo, are trying to apply them to mini cars. The starting point of the design is that the four-point seat belt can disperse the impact force more evenly when the car rolls over, and at the same time, it can also firmly fix the passengers in the seat.
Preloaded seat belt
PRETENSIONER SEAT BELT is also called a pre-reduction seat belt. This kind of seat belt is characterized by the fact that when a car crashes, the occupant will first tighten the webbing when it has not moved forward, immediately tying the occupant tightly to the seat, and then locking the webbing to prevent the occupant from leaning forward. Effectively protect the safety of occupants. The retractor, which plays a major role in the pre-tensioned seat belt, is different from an ordinary seat belt. In addition to the retracting and retracting function of an ordinary retractor, it also has the ability to restrain the occupant in about 0.1 seconds when the speed of the retractor changes abruptly. Force, so it also has control devices and pre-tensioning devices.
Fundamental
The ideal seatbelt action process is: First of all, tightening in a timely manner, at the first moment of the accident, without hesitation, people "press" on the seat. Then, relax moderately. When the peak of impact force has passed, or the person can be protected by the airbag, the seat belt is properly relaxed. Avoid rib injuries due to excessive tension. Advanced seat belts come with pretensioners and tension limiters. Let's take a look at the functional principles of both.
First, the seat belt pre-tensioning device When the accident occurs, the person forward, the seat back, if the seat belt is too loose at this time, the consequences may be: the occupant slides out from under the seat belt: Or, people have encountered In the case of airbags, the seatbelt cannot be tightened in time due to an excessively large tension margin, that is, it does not eat a part of the momentum in advance as expected, but instead places all the burden on the airbag. Both of these conditions may result in serious injury to the occupants. But the problem is that the seat belt is properly installed. Where does the looseness come from? First, because the occupant’s clothes themselves have a certain thickness, and some of the seatbelt devices also hide some of the room for loosening, this room cannot be eliminated. However, when accidents are encountered, they should be eliminated as much as possible. How to do? For this reason, this kind of seatbelt pre-tensioning device has emerged and it is responsible for providing an instantaneously tightened seat belt. Its role is as follows: Firstly, a probe collects the information of the crash and then releases the electric pulse. The pulse is transmitted to the gas generator and detonates the gas. The gas generated by the explosion rapidly expands in the pipeline and presses against the so-called ball chain, causing the ball to smash forward in the pipe and drive the spiny rot. The ratchet disk is integrated with uranium and the seat belt is wound around the shaft. Simply speaking, the gas pressure makes the ball move, the ball drives the pawl to rotate, and the pawl disk drives the rotation of the shaft—the pre-tensioning function of the seat belt is instantly realized. The entire process from the detection of an accident to the completion of the pretensioning of the seat belt only lasts for a few thousandths of a second. At the end of the pipe is a cavity that holds the rolled ball.
Second, after the occurrence of the seat belt tension limiter accident, the seat belt has been tightened by the pre-tensioning device. However, we hope that after the stress peak passes, the tension of the seat belt will be reduced immediately to reduce the occupant's stress. This special task is completed by the seat belt tension limiter: on the seat belt device, there is a In the pre-tensioning device, a seat belt is wound underneath. Inside the shaft is a steel torsion bar. When the load reaches a predetermined condition, the torsion bar begins to distort, which relaxes the seat belt to a certain extent and achieves a seat belt tension limiting function.
Preloaded seat belt main classification
There are two types of control devices:
One is an electronic control device. The electronic control unit (ECU) detects an abnormal change in the acceleration of the car. After computer processing, the signal is sent to the control device of the retractor to activate the pre-tensioning device. This kind of pre-tensioning Seat belts are usually used in combination with an auxiliary airbag.
The other type is a mechanical control device in which the sensor detects an abnormal change in the acceleration of the vehicle and the control device excites the pre-tensioning device. This pre-tensioned safety belt can be used alone.
Pre-tensioning devices come in a variety of forms. The common pre-tensioning device is an explosion-ignition type consisting of a gas initiator, a gas generating agent, a conduit, a piston, a rope, and a drive wheel. When the pre-tensioning device is activated when the car is impacted, the gas initiator in the bottom of the sealed pipe immediately ignites spontaneously and detonates the gas generating agent in the same sealed conduit. The gas generating agent immediately generates a large amount of gas expansion, forcing the piston to move upward to pull the rope. The rope drives the driving wheel to rotate the number driving wheel to rotate the retractor drum, the webbing is wound on the drum, and the webbing is pulled back. Finally, the retractor locks the webbing in an emergency and secures the body of the occupant, preventing the body from leaning forward to avoid colliding with the steering wheel, dashboard, and glass windows.
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