Chemical Solution Tackling Automobile Exhaust Pollution
Now, in the weather forecast, people hear more and more about the prediction of “霾â€. At the beginning of June, Shanghai had a lot of weather for many days, and many people had to wear masks to get on the road. This phenomenon also occurs frequently in major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, and Chengdu, and the frequency is increasing. According to meteorological experts, one of the main reasons for this is the excessive emission of unqualified exhaust gas and the accumulation of air in low altitudes, resulting in the formation of "defects" under certain atmospheric pressure and wind speed.
Who will subdue the embarrassment? In an interview with reporters recently, Zhao Guotong, chairman of the Shanghai Motor Vehicle and Environment Forum, said that as China becomes the world’s largest automobile producer and consumer user, it must vigorously develop vehicle exhaust catalysts while promoting the use of the National IV fuel standard. Each household car, commercial vehicle and all kinds of trucks are equipped with high-tech exhaust gas treatment devices, and strict exhaust emission management is conducted so that the exhaust gas can truly meet the standards.
Experts believe that vehicle exhaust pollution can be effectively controlled. With the increase of emission standards, advances in engine control technology and catalyst technology, automobile exhaust pollution in many countries in the world has continued to decline significantly. Since the United States introduced automotive catalyst applications in the mid-1970s, more than 40 countries have implemented emission control laws. Taking Europe as an example, the emission of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere when it is uncontrolled is 40-60 g/km, and when it was introduced in the Euro III standard in 2000, it was reduced to 2.3 g. In 2005, the EU IV standard was implemented and it fell to 1 g; The implementation of Euro V, Euro VI and zero emission standards has finally achieved a fundamental improvement in air quality.
At present, China has formed areas in the Beijing-Tianjin region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Guangzhou region and Chengdu-Chongqing region where the local automobile exhaust pollution is very serious. Although China has implemented emission control for new vehicles, domestic engine production (including motorcycles) has reached 67 million units. According to regulations, the exhaust gas needs to be purified. At present, only new cars for gasoline vehicles are doing purification, and motorcycles have just started to do, diesel vehicles. Only a small part of the engine is cleaned. At the same time, even if vehicles are equipped with exhaust gas treatment, many vehicles do not regularly replace, maintain, and maintain the catalyst because they exceed the service life, causing a large number of problems due to overdue catalysts.
Automotive exhaust catalysts use rare earths and precious metals such as platinum and palladium as raw materials, and are divided into two major categories, oxidation-type catalysts and three-way catalysts, and are technology-intensive products. In China, on the one hand, due to the late start of the exhaust gas catalyst industry, there is a lack of key technologies and the product level is low. On the other hand, due to unfair competition in the domestic auto industry, a few weak car manufacturers have used unqualified exhaust catalysts to reduce costs. The relevant departments lack strict supervision and necessary punishments for the tail gas purification market, making it difficult to eliminate counterfeit and shoddy products. This is also one of the causes of excess emissions.
For China, the automotive exhaust gas purification industry faces both severe challenges and opportunities for development. At present, some companies are implementing cooperation through the cooperation of production, education and research, and have taken the initiative to promote the cooperation between Chinese and foreign companies. As a pioneer in the development of global automotive catalysts, BASF has developed selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. BASF invested 50 million euros in the establishment of a vehicle emission catalyst production base in Shanghai and expanded it in 2010. The new bus using BASF's "Emission Control Solutions" can now meet the National IV standard. Experts predict that the exhaust gas catalyst will grow at a rate of 20% in the next few years and the market space will be around 50 billion yuan/year.
The state gradually implements national IV standards for vehicle fuel and emissions, triggering the development and production of domestic catalyst producers. Sichuan Zhongzi Co., Ltd. cooperated with Sichuan University to develop rare earth oxygen storage materials and exhaust gas catalyst technology. For gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, motorcycles and natural gas vehicles, different types of catalytic converters were designed and produced, among which motorcycle catalytic converters The output accounts for 30% of the domestic share. Professor Chen Yaoqiang from Sichuan University stated that in the field of tail gas purification, we must take advantage of the abundant resources of China's rare earth resources and through the joint development of production, education, and research, we must develop a way to purify vehicle exhaust with Chinese characteristics.
It is reported that since 2010, China has begun to implement the national IV standard for light gasoline vehicles. By 2015, more stringent national V standards will also be implemented. The national IV standards for domestic heavy-duty vehicles and motorcycles will be implemented from 2013 and 2015 respectively. Beijing has announced that it will implement the National V Standard since 2012. Shanghai will implement stricter monitoring on the exhaust of public transport diesel vehicles from this year on the basis of the full launch of the Shanghai IV standard at the 2010 World Expo.
A series of information shows that China's automotive exhaust catalyst industry will be rapidly developed and promoted. In addition, the environmental protection department strictly controls exhaust emissions testing and management for on-street vehicles, diesel vehicles, and motorcycles.
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