Three Measures to Improve Crop Root Growth
1 Pay attention to the growth of shallow roots
The fertilizer and water measures have a significant effect on the growth of shallow soil roots. According to Shinichiro Kawada, the paddy field where compost (organic manure) is applied is full of ploughed roots, the number of which is extremely high, the distribution density is extremely high, and the formation of floating roots is also extremely significant. Without the use of composting paddy fields, the amount of ploughing roots is small. Sparse distribution, especially the formation of floating roots is extremely poor. Nitrogen fertilizer has the same effect as composting, and the more nitrogen fertilizers are topdressed, the larger the root volume. Wang Yinji (1986) also pointed out that the root volume of sweet potato increased with the increase of nitrogen application level, and there was a very significant positive correlation between the two. Liu Dianying pointed out that the effect of applying fertilizer to water at different growth stages from pre-winter to booting has different effects on wheat roots. Fertilization and watering can increase the activity of root system of wheat, early fertilization, early and late peak activity of root system decreased rapidly, and root activity during flowering and filling stage were all higher with jointing and panicle fertilizer.
The response of wheat roots to soil moisture is more sensitive than other environmental factors. Soil moisture is 75%-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, which is most beneficial to the growth of winter wheat roots. Excessive soil moisture is not conducive to the growth of crop roots. In addition, the planting density has a great influence on the root system. Excessive densities often cause group deterrence, lack of light in the field, and reduced photosynthetic products. This results in insufficient organic nutrient for the plant and impedes the growth of roots and shoots. Rooting number, root dry weight, and root vitality are reduced. Therefore, establishing a reasonable population structure will help root growth and increase root activity.
2 Improve the growth of deep root systems
The soil environment is an important measure to promote the lowering of crop roots and increase the proportion of lower roots. The bottom structure of the plough is tight, and the ventilation is poor, which seriously affects the roots under the bar, deep plowing to break the plow bottom layer, improve the ventilation conditions, is conducive to root growth, so that the proportion of lower root volume increases. According to the experiment, the root volume of the 16.scm and 20-40cm soil layer accounts for 30% of the total root volume. The root volume of the soil layer below 40cm only accounts for 16% of the total root volume. However, when the deep plowing is 33cm, the 20-40cm soil layer root The amount accounted for 36% of the total root volume. The amount of soil root below 40cm accounted for 22% of the total root volume. Liu Dianying also pointed out that deep plowing not only changed the vertical distribution of the wheat root system, increased the proportion of deep roots, and expanded the nutrition of the root system. Range, but also increased the absorption capacity of the root system, especially the absorption capacity of the deep root system. Fanji Hongji and Okubo Takahiro also pointed out that deep plowing can promote root barrows and increase the deep root volume of land rice, thereby increasing yield.
3, reduce the degree of attenuation of deep roots
The growth of crop roots is obviously super-fertilized. Deep fertilization can significantly increase the proportion of deep root systems and reduce the attenuation of deep root systems, which is of great significance for the effective development and utilization of deep soil moisture. Therefore, the use of biological deep-fertilizer to establish a good crop rotation system, especially the crop rotation system of the leguminous crops to accommodate people, a large number of legume deep root volume and root nodules is very beneficial to the root crops of the grass crops . High-yielding cultivation techniques based on deep loosening and layered deep fertilization can improve soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions, and promote the development of soybean roots in depth. Compared with the control field, the amount of roots in the lower layer increased by about one time, and the physiological activity of the root system increased. The total absorption area and active absorption area of ​​the root increased by 55.0% and 57.5%, respectively, and the total root volume increased by 83.6%. Thus, the soybean yield was increased. substantial improvement.
In short, under low-yield conditions, increasing surface roots through measures such as surface fertilization and irrigation can increase crop yields. However, under high-yield conditions, in addition to increasing the amount of surface roots through appropriate fertilizer and water measures, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive agronomic measures such as deep plowing, deep loosening, and deep layered fertilization to improve soil conditions, promote root undershoot, and increase deep roots. The amount, increase the scope of nutrition in the root system, and increase the vitality of the root system are the right ways to achieve higher yields and higher yields.
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