Mining order of deposits
(1) Mining sequence in the minefield stage
There are two ways to sequence the stages.
(1) Downward – that is, mining from top to bottom. That is, the first stage is taken, and then the next stage is mined. It is also possible to mine several stages at the same time. (Multi-stage mining, although it can increase the length of the working line and increase the production capacity of the mine, but also cause the production management to be dispersed, the roadway maintenance workload is large, the number of occupied equipment is large, various pipelines and tracks cannot be recycled and reused in time, and the sewage is connected in series. , a series of operating management costs, etc. The number of stages of general recovery at the same time can be maintained for 1 - 2 years, should not exceed 3 - 4.
(2) Upstream - the opposite of the downside.
The up-drilling sequence is used only in certain special cases when mining gently inclined deposits. For example, if there is no waste rock field on the surface (the site where the waste rock is stored), the upper waste rock must be filled in the lower goaf, or the deep goaf should be used as the reservoir. In the actual production, the down mining order is generally adopted. The advantages of down-draw mining are: saving initial investment and shortening the base time; in the gradual downward mining process, the deep ore body can be further explored to avoid waste; the production safety conditions are good; and the applicable mining methods are wide.
(2) The mining sequence of the nuggets in the stage
The mining order of the nuggets in the stage can be divided into three types according to the positional relationship of the mining work to the main development roadway.
(The main development of the roadway refers to the main well, the main plane and the mining roadway).
(1) Forward-type mining--When the stage transportation roadway is driven to a certain distance, it starts mining from the nuggets close to the main development roadway and advances to the boundary of the well field.
[Advantages] The initial construction time of the mine is short and the production is fast.
[Disadvantages] Increased the maintenance cost of the approved roadway.
Applicable conditions for the forward-type mining sequence—When the deposit meets the simple conditions, the ore is stable, and it is required to be used earlier in the stage to carry out the mining work.
(2) Backward mining sequence—After the roadway is tunneled to the boundary of the minefield, it starts from the mine block at the boundary of the minefield and returns to the direction of the main roadway. This mining sequence can also be divided into three types: double rafts, single rafts and side rafts. 
Backward mining [disadvantages] The initial construction time of the mine is long and the production is slow; [Advantages] The maintenance cost of the roadway is low. (Only when the central side-by-side development has a central diagonal, it will not work.)
(3) Hybrid mining--mixed mining refers to the initial use of forward mining. When the stage transportation tunneling is completed, it will be changed to retreat mining, or both forward and backward.
[Advantages] take into account the advantages of the first two; [disadvantages] production management is more complicated
(3) Mining sequence of adjacent ore bodies
If a deposit has many ore bodies that are close together, then mining one of the ore bodies will affect the adjacent ore bodies. In this case, determining a reasonable mining sequence is important for the safety of production and the recycling of resources.
(1) When the ore body inclination angle (α) is less than or equal to the collapse angle (or rβ) of the surrounding rock, the mining sequence from the upper plate to the lower plate should be taken. The mining sequence is: first mining body II, (post mining body I) so that the surrounding rock of the goaf will not move, and will not affect the mining of the lower ore body I. If it is the opposite, it will affect the mining of vein II.
Α≤β(r) is taken from the upper plate to the lower plate II and then I.
※ (rock movement angle, see the handout P280, Table 1-10, the upper plate movement angle) β indicates that the lower disk movement angle is represented by r, and the strike end movement angle is represented by δ).
(2) When the inclination angle of the ore body is larger than the angle of collapse of the surrounding rock and the two ore bodies are close to each other, no matter which vein is first collected, it will affect each other due to the movement of surrounding rock in the goaf.
In this case, the mining order of adjacent ore bodies should be based on the thickness of the strata layer between the ore bodies, the solidity of the ore and surrounding rock, and the selected mining methods and technical measures. It is generally used to first pick up the ore body, and then to mine the mining order of the ore body. If the layer of stone is not large, the mining order from the lower plate to the upper plate can also be adopted when filling and forming the method.
(3) When the surrounding rock is not solid enough, in order to speed up the mining intensity, and in order to reduce the impact of the goaf on the surrounding rock, the upper and lower ore bodies are often recovered at the same time. That is, the method of parallel mining of the vein group. However, this method is only suitable when the veins are relatively small.
(4) In several ore bodies in the same minefield, there are often inequality between the rich and the poor, uneven thickness, different sizes and difficult conditions for mining. Under these conditions, the following principles should be followed without exploitation, ie:
Rich and poor, both mining and mining, the size and the mining, difficult and easy to use. Failure to exploit this principle will undermine a reasonable mining sequence and will result in serious resource losses.
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