Nanometer valve approaching: nano-technology magical

Humans are continuously evolving and gaining a deeper understanding of the world around them. In the 1990s, nanotechnology began to enter everyday life, bringing with it a wealth of information about the transformative impact of this emerging field. As Academician Bai Chunli, a leading scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated, "A brand new nano-world will be revealed to humanity, unlike anything experienced before." Nanotechnology has become one of the most significant scientific and technological fields in the 21st century, drawing attention from both domestic and international researchers. It serves as a foundational technology for advancements in information technology, life sciences, molecular biology, and new materials. In the West, particularly in the United States, nanotechnology is seen as a key driver of economic growth. According to forecasts by the German Ministry of Science and Technology, the global market for nanotechnology could reach an impressive $1.4 trillion by 2010. The term "nano" refers to a unit of length, equal to one billionth of a meter (1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m), which is approximately the size of a single chemical bond. Nanotechnology involves studying the behavior and interactions of systems composed of materials that range from 0.1 to 100 nanometers in size. This field spans multiple disciplines, including nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, nanobiology, and nanomaterials processing. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties due to their mesoscopic nature—between atomic and macroscopic scales. These properties make nanotechnology a promising tool for resource conservation, environmental protection, and achieving sustainable development. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in modernizing traditional industries. Currently, nanomaterials are among the most actively studied areas in nanotechnology. These materials have at least one dimension within the nanometer range (1–100 nm) and represent a new class of materials between atoms, molecules, and bulk matter. Due to their small size, the surface-to-volume ratio is significantly higher, leading to enhanced physical and chemical properties. For example, nanomaterials often display superior mechanical strength, thermal stability, and optical characteristics. Some nanomaterials also exhibit quantum effects, such as changes in electrical or optical behavior when their size is reduced. Examples include nano-powders, nanowires, nanotubes, nano-films, and nano-blocks. In China, research on nanomaterials and their manufacturing equipment started later than in other countries, but significant progress has been made. In 2003, a research team led by Director Lou Lu from the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, achieved a breakthrough in surface nitriding of metal materials using surface nanocrystallization. They successfully created a nanocrystalline structure on the surface of pure iron and then applied conventional gas nitriding at 300°C for 9 hours. The resulting nitride layer was 10 micrometers thick and demonstrated high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. In 2003, Tieling City implemented a series of reforms aimed at revitalizing its local enterprises, including Tieling Valve Co., Ltd. The company was tasked with developing large-caliber low-pressure valves for wastewater treatment, improving product quality, and reforming its property rights system. By focusing on innovation and expansion, the city aimed to restore Tieling Valve's position in the national market. By the end of the planning period, the company targeted annual sales revenue of 500 million yuan. At the same time, the city emphasized upgrading traditional industries through high-tech solutions. By 2010, the technological level of the three major industries was expected to reach the early 1990s international standard. High-tech industries were to be accelerated, with the output value of high-tech products reaching 20% of total industrial output, and high-tech exports accounting for 15% of finished goods. The conversion rate of high-tech achievements was expected to reach a moderate scale, with new products contributing 20% of the total industrial output.

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