Development of CK6130 Small CNC Lathe

At present, economical CNC machine tools remain the most demanded products in China's market, with the highest sales volume. One effective way to revitalize existing idle machines is through numerical control retrofitting, transforming them into efficient, multi-functional, and cost-effective CNC systems. This approach not only helps in utilizing existing assets more effectively but also serves as a practical path toward low-cost automation. The CK6130 small CNC lathe we developed is a direct implementation of this concept. The working principle of the CK6130 small CNC lathe involves two main components: a microcomputer numerical control system and the machine tool body. When processing a workpiece, the first step is to program the NC code for that part. This program is then checked and input into the numerical control device. Based on the instructions from the program, the NC device calculates the feed pulse sequence, which is distributed by a multi-function NC board. The drive power source amplifies the signal, generating control commands for the machine’s spindle rotation speed, start/stop functions, feed system movement direction, speed, and displacement, as well as tool selection and cooling/lubrication activation. All these operations are carried out according to the program’s specifications, ensuring precise machining of parts with the required shape, size, and accuracy. The microcomputer numerical control system used in this machine operates on an open-loop control structure, allowing for two-axis linkage (X and Z axes) and linear interpolation between two coordinates. It consists of a computer, stepping motor drive power supply, stepping motor, multi-function NC interface board, and a control circuit. Any PC or compatible computer above IBM PC-286 can be used, with the CNC card inserted into the bus slot. The developed CNC software package enables users to input and store programs via the keyboard, with power-off protection to ensure data integrity. The stepping motor drive employs pulse width modulation and smooth subdivision circuits, significantly increasing torque at high frequencies and reducing vibration at low frequencies, resulting in smoother operation. Additional safety features such as over-temperature, over-voltage, over-current, and under-voltage protection are included, along with optical isolation to enhance system stability. The machine body of the CK6130 CNC lathe is based on the standard C615 lathe, featuring modifications to the feed transmission system, main transmission system, and tool holder structure. The Z-axis feed system has been redesigned, replacing the original lead screw with a ball screw, which improves stiffness and reduces deformation. A stepping motor, gear reduction box, and gapless coupling are integrated to ensure precise and stable motion. The X-axis feed system uses a stepping motor and gear reduction to drive the ball screw, enhancing performance. The main transmission system now includes a photoelectric encoder, electromagnetic clutch, and slip gears, converting manual gear shifting into automatic, making operation easier and more efficient. The tool post has also been upgraded from a manual indexing type to a 4-position electric tool rest, controlled by the CNC system. During operation, the tool post sends position feedback to the microcomputer via Hall effect sensors, ensuring accurate tool changes and positioning. These enhancements make the CK6130 capable of handling complex machining tasks such as turning, facing, threading, and contouring. In terms of features, the CK6130 uses a general-purpose PC for its CNC system, paired with a standard C615 lathe body. It offers full-color display, interactive programming, online editing, simulation, and automatic parameter setting. The software is open, scalable, and supports future upgrades, making it an ideal solution for low-cost automation. With its combination of affordability and functionality, the CK6130 represents a significant advancement in the field of economical CNC technology.

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